T2 tse breath hold 4mm axial. The excretory phase allows better depiction of the relationship between the mass and the renal collecting system. p,PPD9DL{O,!s]7mV6Rlzu_aB[v RKov/ Contrast material is excreted into the renal collection system, ureters, and bladder in this phase, allowing better visualization of these structures. On the other hand, the presence of intralesional calcification, regardless of the presence of fat, should prompt suspicion for malignancy, such as RCC. Phase oversampling and, in the case of 3D blocks, slice oversample, must be used to avoid wrap around artefacts. Power inject 2mL/sec. Patient with renal insufficiency or hemodialysis; Rib mass/fracture (bony chest) Patient pregnant; MRA/MRV Chest w/ and w/o contrast . Do not interleave images. NB: This article is intended to outline some general principles of protocol . 0000002227 00000 n
These include renal cysts, benign renal tumors, and renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) that have variable biological aggressiveness. e~20GPU#L Computed tomography (CT) and MR imaging are mainstays for renal mass characterization, presurgical planning of renal tumors, and surveillance after surgery or systemic therapy for advanced renal cell carcinomas. <>
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Slices must be sufficient to cover both kidneys from two slices above the upper pole of kidney down to two slices below the lower pole of kidney. Call 855-SAFE-RAD to schedule a radiology exam. h0 `UP i@`hhXXfrh%3.b+%|s?lpz@/a'A"VvCzl< > For the assessment of cystic kidney disease . Excretory phase is obtained at 7 minutes to 10minutes after IV contrast injection. <>
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> carcinoma) Computed tomography (CT) and MR imaging are mainstays for renal mass characterization, presurgical planning of renal tumors, and surveillance after surgery or systemic therapy for advanced renal cell carcinomas. (, CT in a 69-year-old man with a papillary RCC demonstrating improved enhancement assessment on the nephrographic phase compared with the corticomedullary phase. 4 0 obj
I am having controversial answers in our practice in reference to duplicate billing for code 72721. of localised blastemal-type Wilms tumour patients treated according to intensified treatment in the SIOP WT 2001 protocol, a report of the SIOP Renal Tumour Study Group (SIOP-RTSG). Description by CPT Code* CPT Code Sacrum Sacral Insufficiency Fracture No MRI Sacrum wo 72196 SacralIliitis Tumor/Mass/Cancer/Mets Yes MRI Sacrum w/ & w/o 72197 Wrist Arthrogram TFCC tear Scaphoid nonunion Yes ** MR Upper Ext joint w/ Contrast Injection - Wrist 73222 25246 Intercarpal Ligaments Soft tissue ganglia Yes ** Rad exam - wrist 73115 Diagnostic Radiology (Diagnostic Imaging) Procedures, Diagnostic Radiology (Diagnostic Imaging) Procedures of the Lower Extremities, Copyright 2023. 8 ); therefore, tumor contrast enhancement is more conspicuous on the nephrographic phase compared with the earlier corticomedullary phase. View the CPT code's corresponding procedural code and DRG. Check before giving contrast. Nephrographic and excretory phases also are included, with the field of view expanded from diaphragm to iliac crest. A three plane TrueFISP localiser must be taken initially to localise and plan the sequences. MRI EXAM CPT CODE REFERENCE Use this reference to quickly determine the correct exam for your patients based on the indications described herein and the . 1]5EoI]gdiv2_G+jkD7FbdXZQ?pJoeA;8J:0*2g;_o. Not all exams are available at all locations. y;?5Zr|e~fhlw`m@b]z"tKp+#14^w]^wwt22*Z#OlA?rv1HDXM\m w`,3UE~^X_~1E1(S8lyLV7qL6D"98%eM-r!zU Nephrographic phase also may improve the assessment of enhancement in poorly vascular tumors. x]_sLHkG38NL&CsT[N4V" bISM-bw:=V7]nN~=\,O-o;|rqE&,Lr!O?$O|HD\|B_r~"gjf{x^'fv_'%|ONKE.5p%ujTd"gGVd The code(s) have to match the requesting provider's order, which looks to be an "MRI RT FOOT". In order to optimally visualize the small foci of fat, thin sections (eg, 1.25mm) may be required. During this phase, there is intense enhancement of the renal cortex, allowing differentiation between the cortex and the medulla. X:/QEZfG CPT Code(s) to Precert MRI Breast Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer . 0000031716 00000 n
4 ) compared with postcontrast CT or MR imaging. m:8G1j NOx/4n
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ha^Vv&T(`(kqi!RXa&_$/6,YpCA=gbxhWfD7=X9nB[0\c?. Office of Civil Rights Investigations and Compliance. If the patient has a MRI [U]Joint[/U] you can code [B]multiple[/B] studies [U](Upper: 73221-73223) (Lower: 73721-73723). Check the positioning block in the other two planes. `|G]&s At the time the article was last revised Raymond Chieng had Corticomedullary phase typically is acquired 40 seconds to 70seconds after IV contrast injection (see Fig. 1 0 obj
What CPT would you use 73718 or 73721 - I know I cannot code for both. Hematuria (CT Urogram, CT IVP) CT Hematuria Protocol CT/IVP w & wo 74178 MRI Abdomen and Pelvis w . 97 29
Prednisone: 50 mg PO (three doses total) to be taken 13 hours, 7 hours and 1 hour prior to appointment. Thirty patients undergoing four-phase renal CT scans for assessment of renal lesions (>10 mm) were included in the study. Ensure kidneys are well-centered in coil to ensure good signal at dome. > The purpose of this exam is to assess the location and composition of a renal mass. codes. With increasing utilization of cross-sectional imaging such as ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the detection rates of an incidental kidney lesion have increased over time [].While most incidental kidney lesions can be left alone as they will have no clinical consequences, some are pathologies (eg, renal cell carcinoma, renal . Notes: Indeterminate adrenal lesions are typically discovered incidentally on contrast enhanced 3 0 obj
Last updated: 4/12/19 . Arrive 90 minutes prior to exam for registration and prep. 72146, 74141 72148. > $_ @'a7H\?/ mWI
Securely tighten the body coil using straps to prevent respiratory artefacts Radiographics. When further work-up for a renal mass is deemed necessary, additional imaging can be obtained using a multiphase renal protocol CT. Enhancement patterns across different phases after IV contrast injection can be used to distinguish renal cysts from solid tumors and may aid in subtyping of renal tumors. For patient comfort, if you. Recommended additional reformats: coronal and sagittal of each postcontrast scan series; 3-mm reconstruction section thickness without overlap. This modality enables the radiologist to detect intra-tumor fat resulting in a loss of signal intensity. <>
Ask the patient to undress and change into a hospital gown For prepartial nephrectomy or preablation planning of renal masses that have been previously completely characterized, the primary goal is to delineate the tumor and vascular anatomy. Pregnancy (risk vs benefit ratio to be assessed) Obtained at 100 seconds to 120seconds after IV contrast injection, the timing for this contrast-enhancement phase is later than the typical portal venous phase, allowing for uniform enhancement of the renal parenchyma and in general providing the highest tumor to background distinction compared with the other phases ( Fig. C`:+y(B^\}iO`,;6yg9&Mlc. Minimize SENSE if there is mottling in the center of the image. JJW1iXC2wH(5Rm>^'cxTI
YDLN!{4]. These are fast single shot localisers with under 25s acqusition time which are excellent for localising abdominal structures. stream
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Note: NPO 4 hours. The suggested imaging protocols are based on expert consensus, with the goal of balancing diagnostic efficacy and radiation exposure ( Table1 ). Protocol 1 Indications: Indeterminate renal mass Recommended scan series: Pre-contrast: kidneys only, axial, 3mm reconstruction section thickness with or without 50% overlap Nephrographic phase: kidneys only, axial, 3mm reconstruction section thickness with or without 50% overlap, at 100-120 second delay Optional additional scan series: MSwnA) q%-#5Fms )fHde q)q_=)kK'? Note: This article is intended to outline some general principles of protocol design. 0.2 mL/kg in adults, children and infants. The MR sensitivity for adenomas measuring 10-20 HU is nearly 100%, while that for lipid-poor adenomas measuring greater than 30 HU is significantly lower (13 . Breathe the patient slowly so they have time to follow instructions. View matching HCPCS Level II codes and their definitions. %%EOF
Protocols listed have been reviewed and approved by a radiologist. Combat the #1 denial reason - mismatched CPT-ICD-9 codes - with top Medicare carrier and private payer accepted diagnoses for the chosen CPT code. An appropriate angle must be given in the sagittal plane (perpendicular to the long axis of kidney). allergy) and time constraints. Premedication Protocol. I can't find anything on the federal register stating p Read a CPT Assistant article by subscribing to. >, Any electrically, magnetically or mechanically activated implant (e.g. Given the indolent nature of papillary RCCs in general, these may be appropriate for active surveillance rather than surgical resection, especially in patients who are poor surgical candidates. CT Abdomen without contrast (CPT 74150) or CT Abdomen and Pelvis without contrast (CPT 74176) if there is renal insufficiency/failure, or a documented allergy to contrast. Everyone's choice for imaging imaginghealthcare.com 2020 CPT Code Exam Ordering Guide T 858 658 6500 F 866 558 4329 IHS Radiology Medical Group - Tax ID# 47-3394746 x]_s8OU&_6.IV=qcD ( @8nt7n\vysKw/seK?Dr)/bs9:_}? relative or staff ) %PDF-1.5
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> For the assessment of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis MRI Abdomen Protocol - Adrenal Reviewed By: Brett Mollard, MD; Anna Ellermeier, MD Last Reviewed: July 2018 Contact: (866) 761-4200 Standard uses: Evaluate indeterminate adrenal lesions for the presence of intracellular lipid (indicative of benignity). non-contrast scan is best to determine the HU of homogenous renal mass or masses containing macroscopic fat 1, corticomedullary phase is best to delineate subcategories of renal cell carcinomas further, nephrogenic phase is best for optimal enhancement of the renal parenchyma, including the renal medulla, and will demonstrate enhancing components of a mass, excretory phase will demonstrate enhancement of calyces, renal pelvis and ureters. Subscribe to Anesthesia Coder today. <<9D26B84D59B5D04CBD15A8A60877983D>]/Prev 685671>>
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MRI Kidneys and Renal Arteries W/O & W/Contrast 74183 74185 A9579 MRI Kidneys W/O & W/Contrast 74183 A9579 endobj
These 2 phases allow the differentiation between solid and cystic renal masses. However, this article will cover the optional,corticomedullary phase too. Give a pillow under the head and cushions under the legs for extra comfort Multiplanar reformats in the coronal and sagittal planes of each postcontrast scan series also can be done with 3-mm reconstruction section thickness without overlap. Indeterminate renal mass, renal adenocarcinoma, metastasis, monitoring of known renal mass. 0000008503 00000 n
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Breathe the patient slowly so they have time to follow instructions. 0000008946 00000 n
Lung Nodules (may be done w/contrast if ordering MD desires), Pneumonia (may be done w/contrast if ordering MD desires), Pleural effusion (may be done w/contrast if ordering MD desires), Airway imaging (includes TBM), Tracheal stenosis, Tracheal malacia (Tracheal Tree), Redo sternotomy for patients who cannot have contrast, Aortic or mitral valve for patients who cannot have contrast, Lung Cancer (may be done w/o Contrast if ordering MD desires), Chest Pain (may be done w/o contrast if ordering MD desires), Liver Mass Characterization/Surgical Planning, Post treatment HCC (not for metastatic surveillance), Renal Mass Characterization/Surgical Planning (if in conjunction with Pelvis CT w/contrast CPT Code 74178, IMG 783), Pancreatic mass characterization/surgical planning (if in conjunction with Pelvis CT w/contrast CPT Code 74178, IMG 783), Liver chemo embolization or RFA (if in conjunction with Pelvis CT w/ contrast CPT Code 74178, IMG 783), Abdomen and pelvis patients who cannot have contrast, Pre- and post-endoluminal grafting for patients who cannot have contrast, Diverticulitis/appendicitis/abscess/acute pancreatitis, Any other indication that is not already listed, Pre liver transplant/portal vein embolization, Gated TAVI (if in conjunction with Heart CT w/contrast (Morphology), CPT code 75572, IMG 7603), Malignancy staging/malignancy follow-up angiography, Failed colonoscopy (if with IV contrast, CPT Code 74262, IMG 2251), Patients that cannot be sedated or cannot stop blood thinners for conventional colonoscopy (if with IV contrast, CPT Code 74262, IMG 2251), Hematuria (if w/o 3D reconstructions, CPT Code 74178, IMG 2252), CT AIF/bypass evaluation/cold leg/leg ischemia, Coronary artery disease/Bypass graft evaluation, Neck mass/malignancy staging/malignancy follow (if contrast is not desired, w/o contrast CPT Code 70490, IMG 191), Acute or chronic sinusitis/nasal cavity polyps, Trauma/black eye/facial contusion/jaw injury, Facial weakness/neoplasm/malignancy/cellulitis/abscess, Intracranial aneurysm/stenosis/dissection, Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)/Arteriovenous malformation (AVM), Extracranial aneurysm/stenosis/dissection, Problem cases unresolved by non-invasive imaging, Cervical myelopathy or radiculopathy in which fine bone detail is desired, Thoracic myelopathy or radiculopathy in which fine bone detail is desired, Lumbar radiculopathy in which fine bone detail is desired presurgical planning and mapping, Infection (if concern for septic joint should be aspirated prior to CT), Rotator cuff or labral injury, unable to get MRI, Triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) complex injury. s%xPL$WJ? 0000025763 00000 n
AJR Am J Roentgenol. (, Suggested computed tomography protocols from the Society of Abdominal Radiology Disease-focused panel on renal cell carcinoma. > For the assessment of benign renal lesions (e.g. Although the specifics of a renal protocol CT vary by institutions, the following phases in their various combinations commonly are used: precontrast phase, corticomedullary phase, nephrographic phase, and excretory phase ( Fig. The specifics will vary depending on CT hardware and software, radiologists' and referrers' preference, institutional protocols, patient factors (e.g. Papillary RCCs typically have low-level progressive enhancement that peaks in the nephrographic phase. H= {,# $9N2)vELLc# qTxPec%={nv.lU'V{sMR7v';c9c%F. The group has suggested standardized CT protocols for renal mass evaluation based on different clinical indications, as described later. I am having controversial answers in our practice in reference to duplicate billing for code 72721. 2 B). 'f2J}0y:[]m jB|+7)Hed6'BghE~1-&&y-:+qX$*4p:5Zt5_l^t}Zp@[?e[lI{'?
ak+k)g3_%"-st*:@1LyrkzAK RbRY QpeWD4-g5EE9:K_tJ,s#ZxiBUo&9z(3>,m ), T1 In-opposed phase breath hold axial 4mm. . UB@&^v0c&]IG'#4-;j84j8BB"a6z2L0f#MG5ZP6l#AlX*k%rm9 R8XAe+S7"kTPPOA^vd@b/[wO;R}cH3@4B nMEz|pHj-ZBuQZr)AC6>*dZ3Yd'~AqClWIA{7^l!T The precontrast and nephrographic phase images are used to evaluate for changes of tumor size or enhancement characteristics in cases of active surveillance or detecting enhancing tumor in post-treatment settings ( Fig. MRI CPT Codes Call 855-SAFE-RAD to schedule adenine roentgenology take. 0000011123 00000 n
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Unable to process the form. Slices must be sufficient to cover both kidneys anterior to posterior. Chest w/o contrast (with 3D reconstructions), CTA Chest w/ contrast (with 3D reconstructions), EVT Abdomen Pelvis w/o contrast w/3D (with 3D reconstructions), Abdomen and Pelvis enterography w/ contrast, CTA Abdomen Pelvis (with 3D reconstructions), CTA EVT Chest Abdomen Pelvis w/o contrast w/3D (C) (with 3D reconstructions), CTA Chest Abdomen Pelvis (with 3D reconstructions), EVT Chest Abdomen Pelvis w/o contrast w/3D (C) (with 3D reconstructions), Urogram CT Abdomen and Pelvis w/ and w/o contrast w/3D reconstruction (with 3D reconstructions), Abdominal Aorta and Bilateral Iliofemoral Runoff (with 3D reconstructions), Internal Auditory Canal Cochlear Implant w/o contrast, CTA Head w/ and w/o contrast (with 3D reconstructions), CTA Head Neck w/ and w/o contrast (3D reconstructions), Arthrogram Shoulder (Arthrogram only; no IV contrast), Arthrogram Elbow (Arthrogram only; no IV contrast), Arthrogram Wrist (Arthrogram only; no IV contrast), Arthrogram Hip (Arthrogram only; no IV contrast), Arthrogram Knee (Arthrogram only; no IV contrast), Arthrogram Ankle (Arthrogram only; no IV contrast), Woodard to Lead Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Sauk Named Interventional Radiology Chief, Miller-Thomas Receives Distinguished Service Teaching Award. [/U] RmGT3rqYDRMTGhNnjU}}LEe/yo9Q4p K_c_~(Q )2#q|$3OM"QeX
5zCcob]v361+pgsL}NCs{cD*9&#B:C)81h}\|/|-bUu 5|r. Plan the axial slices on the coronal plane; angle the position block parallel to the right and left renal pelvis. 6 ) or identify vascular anomalies, such as pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula. HUIn@aHY 8?"[_
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Ferromagnetic surgical clips or staples 8 ). Patient came in with rt foot pain and swel [b]MRI Extremity - Joint/Nonjoint[/b] Metal shrapnel or bullet, > New HCPCS Level II modifier reports advanced diagnostic imaging provided to Medicare patients. American Hospital Association ("AHA"), Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) in Coding, Reimbursement, and Clinical Practice. Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) can be diagnosed confidently once intralesional macroscopic fat has been identified in the absence of other worrisome findings, such as intralesional calcification. IV contrast material type, volume, and injection rate: type, low-osmolar or iso-osmolar contrast material; volume, 35-g to 52.5-g iodine equivalent (ie, for contrast material that contains 350mg of iodine/mL, the corresponding dose is 100150mL); and weight-based dosing injection rate, 25mL/s. PelviS: renal STone ProToCol . a,qN*)[6%Tz\ mv9xBFk$K/c1?gz3?t{A#!=)01ST`ipFY{\1>c$&34pR ?@Q6/g_1%H5zY^wm@2>^K~oY!QEm.f2Gw;rty^W=D *l !%/"2vGVc>|~{OmL tR7tH]VVB
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In a click, check the DRG's IPPS allowable, length of stay, and more. Instruct the patient to keep still Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is discussed in detail in a separate chapter. hoHaBRtMd0)iC{$;;] p%@;N)pWPMHsBi\sC: cRxoAYU&%o>tLT0*
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OHSU is an equal opportunity affirmative action institution. This review focuses on the CT and MR imaging protocol selection and optimization for renal mass evaluation. (IMG 2390) - fMRI (Functional MRI w/ Tractography) CPT Codes 70551 & 76377 . Such information can be helpful in guiding patient management. Computed tomography (CT) protocols for renal mass evaluation should be tailored to the clinical indications with careful considerations of balancing diagnostic accuracy and radiation dose. , When the initial CT is unable to provide a definitive diagnosis, subsequent multiphase renal protocol CT after IV contrast injection commonly is obtained for further characterization of a renal mass. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) (optional): 50 mg PO to be taken 1 hour prior to exam. 0000007179 00000 n
(Liver Mass Protocol) Characterize masses previously seen on CT or US-hepatoma screening-metastasis follow-up/ post cryo or RF ablation-assessment of spleen-pancreatic masses with question of liver mets *This scan MAY include MRCP: if so the patient needs to fast 4 hours before scan. Phase oversampling and, in the case of 3D blocks, slice oversample, must be used to avoid wrap around artefacts. In contrast, papillary RCCs demonstrate greater enhancement at later phases. Adrenal glands protocol is an MRI protocol comprising a group of MRI sequences put together to further assess indeterminate adrenal lesions, in particular, lipid-poor adenomas.. (, CT in a 57-year-old woman with a renal AML. Position the patient over the spine coil and place the body coil over the abdomen (xiphoid process down to anterior superior iliac spine) > Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), on Protocol Optimization for Renal Mass Detection and Characterization, Added Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Evaluation of Mediastinal Lesions, Clinical Review of Computed Tomography and MR Perfusion Imaging in Neuro-Oncology, Radiologic Clinics of North America Volume 58 Issue 5, May be helpful to differentiate urothelial cancer from RCC and parapelvic or peripelvic cysts from hydronephrosis and to diagnose calyceal diverticula, Prepartial nephrectomy or preablation planning for renal masses that have been previously completely characterized, Better depict the arteries and their relationship to the renal mass. CNobM*KUfBC*w3!Nh!R=: jq`?xL_,NI{F1&p=P;e! , Although multiphase CT for tumor subtyping is promising, there are no prospective studies to date that have validated the reported enhancement threshold. Charge as: Abdomen W/WO. %
Axial (, CT in a 75-year-old woman with a left renal lesion demonstrating higher lesion conspicuity in the nephrographic phase compared with the corticomedullary phase. An intravenous line must be placed with extension tubing extending out of the magnetic bore 80 0 obj
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Optimized CT and MR imaging protocols enable analysis of imaging features that help narrow the differential diagnoses and guide management in patients with renal masses. ?,)NA MRA carotid w/o contrast. This phase is helpful for identifying RCC involvement of the collecting system as well as diagnosing primary malignancy arising from the collecting system, such as urothelial carcinoma involving the kidney ( Fig. 0000005493 00000 n
An appropriate angle must be given in the sagittal plane (perpendicular to the long axis of kidney). 0000007606 00000 n
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Oregon Health & Science University is dedicated to improving the health and quality of life for all Oregonians through excellence, innovation and leadership in health care, education and research. 0000009361 00000 n
For active surveillance, postablation surveillance, or postpartial nephrectomy surveillance, precontrast and nephrographic phases should be obtained. For example, renal masses that are homogeneous and have Hounsfield units (HU) measuring fluid density (between 10 HU and 20 HU) on noncontrast-enhanced CT are benign simple cysts. In this diagnostic procedure, the provider performs magnetic resonance imaging of a lower extremity joint without using contrast material. More CPT Codes: CT | Solar Medicine | PET/CT | PET/MR | Ultrasound Breast/Chest/Cardiac MRI Musculoskeletal MRI Brain/Spine MRI Each testing takes about 45 minutes of scanning. 0000011681 00000 n
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If possible provide a chaperone for claustrophobic patients (e.g. At the time the article was created Andrew Murphy had no recorded disclosures. Plan the axial slices on the coronal plane; angle the position block parallel to the right and left renal pelvis. startxref
T2 tse breath hold (TRUFI or HASTE)coronal 4mm, Plan the coronal slices on the axial plane; angle the position block parallel to the mid line along the right and left kidneys. 0000000016 00000 n
Scanner preference: 1.5T In the setting of advanced RCCs, tumor extension into the renal vain or inferior vena cava may be best assessed on the nephrographic phase as well. Use T1 VIBE fat sat axial and coronal after the administration of IV gadolinium DTPA injection(copy the planning outlined above). 1, 2 Many of these are 4 cm or less in diameter (clinical stage T1a) and termed small renal masses (SRMs). hb```f``e`e`cd@ A(G
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Our radiologists work closely with OHSU MRI technologists in the art of creating optimal images using current technology. Last updated: 4/12/19. 74185. Check the positioning block in the other two planes. <>
CPT Code 73721, Diagnostic Radiology (Diagnostic Imaging) Procedures, Diagnostic Radiology (Diagnostic Imaging) Procedures of the Lower Extremities - . endobj
Centre the laser beam localiser over the level of lower intercostal border (i.e. Crosswalk to an anesthesia code and its base units, and calculate payments in a snap! (, CT in a 37-year-old woman with hypertrophied column of Bertin. Give 2L O2 if it will help with breath-holdsUNLESS PATIENT HAS COPD OR ANOTHER REASON NOT TO GIVE O2. Appt Reason CPT CodeCPT CodeCPT CodeCPT Code 11801 SW 90 Street Suite 102 Miami FL 33186 Tel: 305/270-6001 Fax: 305/270-6955 MRI Chest and Left Scapula W/O&W/Contrast 71552 73220 A9579 . > For the assessment of the inferior vena cava in patients with known solid renal tumour MRA carotid with contrast. Metallic foreign body in the eye Slices must be sufficient to cover both kidneys from two slices above the upper pole of kidneys down to two slices below the lower pole of kidney. It outlines all sequences and protocols currently applied in our MRI section. Optimized imaging protocols enable analysis of imaging features that help narrow the differential diagnoses and guide management in patients with renal masses. CT images are acquired in the axial plane, with suggested 3-mm reconstruction section thickness. Note: Instruct patient to arrive 45 minutes prior to exam for registration and prep. Spinal MRI (mass in the spinal canal at the T12-S3 level) 11 November 2020: .
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