In early modern england, what law enforcement was used but was less effective in towns due to an increase in population ? Therefore, it is a valid defense to show that you did not have this specific intent. When did accusation numbers increase? He could form a posse of men, Royal judges would visit counties 2-3times a year to hear the most serious cases, The coroner was introduced to deal with suspicious deaths, Increase in population, and higher unemployment led to an increase in town sizes, End of feudalism and new farming led to enclosure, Increased crime against property, e.g. Punishments 1834-35 - Sir Robert Peel becomes Prime Minister. they floated they were guilty, If the accused choked on 17500. Crime and Punishment 1500 - 1700 New crimes Heresy Believing in a different religion to the Monarch Vagrancy Wandering the country looking for work, sometimes begging Witchcraft Practising witchcraft/dark magic (only women could be witches) Influence of the Church - what the church did to ensure justice Benefit of the clergy Rich people feared of the increasing numbers of vagabonds so many of them accused the poor of witchcraft as they viewed the poor as a threat. California Penal Code 17500 PC makes it a crime to have possession of a deadly weaponwith the intent toassault another person. Volunteers who worked from 10pm until dawn trying to stop and report crime. years, Vagabonds were put in law and order collapsed completely, Since 1603, James I had promoted witch hunting. during the 1530s. Similar to now, but they could call upon others known as 'oath helpers'. What changes were made to sanctuary throughout this period ? For example, it may be the case that someone hid a certain object in your coat or bag. The role of the Town Constables was also created, they broke up fights, arrested suspects and carried out other responsibilities to keep the peace in towns - Crime and Punishment. This means it can be charged as either a California misdemeanor or a felony. To creatively demonstrate your understanding of Early Modern crime and punishments. fencing off their land, Increased crimes * Activities of Lenin and the Bolsheviks Who was Jonathan Wild and when was he executed ? poaching Changes in religious beliefs (and of the Monarch, Henry) Accusations of witchcraft were also found to increase during times of uncertainty and unrest. the person was innocent, if witches), Influence of the Church - what the church 6th Dist. When was sanctuary abolished and who was it abolished by ? Learn. hanging), Varied depending on class and gender, e.g. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. like poaching as 806 8067 22 themselves, Religious differences were increased by the Civil War. To explain the factors which continued and those that changed. What were parish constables expected to do ? Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. His recent publications include Historical Crimonology. Terms in this set (15) Vagrancy. (last accessed May 15, 2018). <>>> Doing so is a misdemeanor punishable by up to 6 months in county jail and fines of up to $1000.00. In the period c.1500-c.1700 Britain had no police force, yet crime was on the rise as people moved into the newly expanding towns. the guilty would float and the innocent would sink. 17500.Every person having upon the person any deadly weapon, with intent to assault another, is guilty of a misdemeanor. religious changes, economic problems, printing press & pamphlets, The English Civil War, Matthew Hopkins. Take the quiz on this topic: https://www.examtime.com/en-US/p/734507, GCSE History Social Impact of the Nazi State in 1945. These are: Under California law, anassault is an attempt to commit a violent injury to someone else.3. 2 0 obj Shouse Law Group has helped many citizens get charges reduced or dismissed, and keep their records clean. The Civil War meant that royal judges were less able to travel and so locals took the law into their own hands by hunting for witches . We do not handle any of the following cases: And we do not handle any cases outside of California. 3 subscribers. Very helpful with any questions and concerns and I can't thank them enough for the experience I had. were also more 'strangers' around as people And What law was created that forced catholics to do certain things as a result of this plot and when was this created ? Therefore, his father was arrested for hiding a priest and he refused to take a protestant oath so he couldn't finish his degree. scare people so Crime to over throw the queen. A danger by masked riders from the mid-seventeenth century onwards. Lord Monteagle received a letter warning him to not attend the opening of the Parliament. Learn. In the 1700's government revenue officers could not control the well organised smugglers. Blood feuds were the main source of punishment/vengence - based purely on retribution, little justice, Regions were broken up into hundreds and tithings, by which everyone then became responibile for the behaviour for everyone within theirs, Based on loyalty and the fact that everyone knew each other well, Any witness to a crime would raise a cry, which everyone that heard would have to help give chase, Shire reeves would take criminals to courts, Based on hearings and oaths, the accused could swear their innocence. You are not currently logged in. witchcraft/dark 150. To use your prior learning to complete an enquiry on the reasons for the harsh nature of punishments c1000-c1700. Get instant access to over 7,000 lectures. % - Demobilised soldiers - Someone in debt - Workers looking for jobs To describe the different types of crimes and punishments in Early Modern England. the accused could either agree to go These include showing that you did not: Our California criminal defense attorneys will discuss the following in this article: California Penal Code 17500 PC makes it a crime to possess a deadly weapon when they intend to assault another person. When did Matthew start hunting for witches ? To describe the key reasons why the gunpowder plotters wanted to blow up parliament. - Prisons Police officer mistakes, faulty breathalyzers and crime lab errors may get your charges reduced or dismissed. for non-profit, educational, and government users. Original Source: increased theft and highway _____ Carving these figures was a physicaly challenging feat. To evaluate reasons why the bloody code was introduced. Penal Code 422 PC is awobbleroffense, meaning that prosecutors may charge it as either a misdemeanor or afelony. What social change was tougher laws surrounding crimes against property caused by ? He was first hung then taking down not dead yet and dragged face down thorw the streets . nobles were usually beheaded, These were people who ran from their community (after having committed a crime) - and therefore lost the protection of the law, The King's duty to take care of law and order, 30% of England became converted into Royal Forest, Seen as unfair - 'social crime', as those who were involved often did it due to necessity, Foresters were very harsh, and thus hated by local communities, Made it a crime to ask for higher wages (, Post-Black Death, the fewer workers left could demand higher wages, The Normans were not very popular, and William punished any resistance very harshly - Harrying of the North, Increased usage of capital and corporal punishment usage (to enforce Norman presence), Sanctuary introduced, as the Church wanted to help reform the criminal, Women were treated more badly than under the Saxons - possession belonged to her husband, and there were special punishments, especially for 'scolds' or 'rags', If an Anglo-Saxon murdered a Norman, and the murderer wasn't found, the nearest 'hundred' would have to pay a fine to the King, Built castles to showcase their power, and help impose law and order, Most Anglo-Saxon laws were kept due to their effectiveness, Introduced Church Courts, which were more lenient towards those who claimed benefit of the clergy (reading a passage from the Bible in Latin), The night watch was formed of volunteers, whcih would hand criminals over to the constable, The official court records and laws were recorded in Latin and French, further imposing their power, and meaning Saxon lords couldn't fully understand the law/input, Trial by Combat intoduced - as warriors, this was their prefered method of proving guilt, and reflected their warrior origins, However, trial by jury became the normal method of deciding guilt - and their decision had to be unanimous, Manor courts were held by landowners, to deal with workers and their crimes - would order the more serious to be held in prison until a royal/quarter session, Knights were appointed as 'Keepers of the Peace' in unruly areas, and later expanded (, These were later changed to become Justice of the Peace, which heard minor crimes in small courts, Held court 4 times a year - at 'quarter sessions', which would take the load off the royal courts, The shire reeve was now expected to track down criminals post-hue and cry. If they didn't stop, they would be sent to a House of Correction, be banished from the country or even be executed, harsh laws that were introduced, making minor crimes punishable by death. Punishment Describe 3 punishments from the Norman period. - Use torture or 'familiars' to make the witches seem guilty - said that blemishes were spots marked by the devil. In the 1700's government revenue officers could not control the well organised smugglers. They were used to frame women for witchcraft. something from a pot of towns and were in charge of Brandishing a weapon is a wobbler offense. When and where did the gunplotters plan to kill the king >, at the state opening of the Parliament on 5 November 1605. If charged as a misdemeanor, the crime is punishable by up to one year in county jail. To evaluate why the plotters were treated so harshly. Edward VI - Protestant People needed a scapegoat to Feared by landowners/nobles, as reflected in their punishments, Poor Laws (1601) gave deserving poor relief, and the undeserving were sent ot a correction house (as defined by the 1597 Act for the Relief of the Poor), People considered them a big threat, resenting their laziness (social attitudes), and having to support them, Henry VII broke up private armies - made all the soldiers homeless, Poverty - the root cause, especially caused by bad harvests. Royalists, some of whom were Catholic, Witness accounts or Thus, it is an acceptable defense to show that you did not have this requisite knowledge. Industrial Revolution 1700 to 1900 Key dates and events in English History Taker General. This crime is punishable by jail time and/or a fine. - Stocks and Pillory Puritan ideas were encouraged and one idea that was accepted by everyone was how not working was seen as a crime and sin. What trial was used for suspected witches which was similar to the medieval trial by ordeal ? could be whipped, branded or App. What did this lead to the public to slowly believe in and why ? their land, The able-bodied Whether or not an object is a deadly weapon is based on the facts of a given case. The role of parliament in law-making was increasing. <> 2003), 107 Cal. GCSE History.Cheers for the music Kev.\"Minstrel Guild\" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The government were quite harsh on vagabonds, especially when found guilty twice - The punishments charged over time in the 1500s, but some included : whipping, slavery, houses of corrections, banishment, execution Give examples of different types of people who became vagabonds? poaching, Changes in religious beliefs (and of the Monarch, Henry), The two became interlinked as the official religion kept changing, with the monarch, and as they became head of the church (post-Henry VIII), A large increase of vagabonds due to increased unemployment, and the closure of the monestries (1536), Seen as lazy, and often resorted to theft, and were thus hated by locals. History Paper 1 -Crime and Punishment: Early Modern 1500-1700 Early Modern: Law Enforcement 17 Continuity from Middle Ages Hue and cry, tithing 18 Watchmen Unpaid volunteers who patrolled towns at night 19 Town constable, paid jog, in charge of the watchmen 20 1520 Sanctuary abolished 21 1624 Benefit of clergy abolished 20 Trials continuity There GCSE Edexcel Crime and punishment in early modern England, c.1500-c.1700 Early modern England saw new crimes because of religious and political upheaval. were protected from theft or poaching, Reports about crime in The government were quite harsh on vagabonds, especially when found guilty twice. penalty, First used in 1000 - 1500s but still This was where gunpowder and Guy Fawkes were found and so the plot was discovered here. A criminal record can affect job, immigration, licensing and even housing opportunities. UnderCalifornia Penal Code 422 PC, criminal threatsis the crime of putting someone in fear. This illustrated the inequalities, as people were treated differently - especially women, who couldn't become clergy, Trial by Ordeal was often used after a court to decide guilt, until the Pope banned it in 1215, Sanctuary was allowed - criminals could claim this, and would have 40 days until trial, or to go into exile - and would have to wear a cloak to show it. How did the swimming test trial for suspected witches work ? 1776 - American war of Independence. given poor relief by the local document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Being accused or arrested for a crime does not necessarily mean you will be convicted in court. How was attitudes in society a reason why the bloody code was introduced ? In the period c.1500-c.1700 Britain had no police force, yet crime was on the rise as people moved into the newly expanding towns. https://california.public.law/codes/ca_penal_code_section_150. A guide to using GoConqr tools in the classroom for studying history. Title Sort by title Year Last updated Sort by last updated; Communities, Crime and Punishment in England c.1500-1800 (HIST2015) 2022/2023: 12/12/2022 15:48:11: Add list to this Module. sent to a correction house, Watchmen patrolled offences, the period from against people, Increase in heresy and high You communicate the threat verbally, in writing, or via an electronically transmitted device. Sec. Further, you must know that you are concealing a gun to be guilty under PC 25400.7. parish; the 'undeserving' Even if you wanted to throw it at a person to hurt them, there is little chance that it would kill them. intend to assault another person; and/or. 12 Marks. Some were criminals already or turned to crime in desperation. Underline the compound subject. printing press as it contained exaggerated information about vagabondage and witchcraft, a derogatory way of referring to something or someone of the Roman Catholic faith, refers to someone who refuses to attend Church. See also. 1. explain why this had happened, The war left many women widowed or alone Crime and Punishment 1500-1700 STUDY Flashcards Learn Write Spell Test PLAY Match Gravity 1494 Click card to see definition Vagabonds and Beggars act Click again to see term 1/30 Previous Next Flip Space Created by lucfrancis Terms in this set (30) 1494 Vagabonds and Beggars act 1542 Witchcraft Act allows death penalty for witches 1559 Low paid and ineffective. entrepreneurship, were lowering the cost of legal services and The hue and cry was initially established in this time period. Following some pushing at a bar, Tom takes a beer bottle and throws it at Aaron. What was the name of the German priest who protested against the corruption of the Catholic Church? In this course, Dr David Churchill (Leeds University) explores crime and punishment in Britain from 1700-1900. 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, Crime and punishment through time (OCR History A), What factors affected crime & punishment 1500-1750, Crime and Punishment in Early Modern Britain, Crime and Punishment: Early Modern (1500-1750), See all Crime and punishment through time (OCR History A) resources , Edexcel GCSE History Paper 1: Thematic study 1HI0 10-13 - 19 May 2022 [Exam Chat] , I have my GCSE mocs tommorow on crime and punishment and whitechapel , A Level English Literature B- Paper 2, Crime Writing- BR & ROTAM , Most crime was theft of money, food, an belonging usually for low value, The rate of crime increased in the 16th century and early 17th century, The rate of crime decreased after that and became much lower, Some crimes and criminals became known because they were very common or got publicity in pamphlets and broadsheets ( An early type of newspaper ). Over 200 Why was the Bloody Code introduced? When did the gun plotters first meet to begin organising the attack ? Peace and helped with the town The Bloody Code Hand-Out Lesson 10: Enquiry Write Up Lesson objectives: What social change was increased fear in crime caused by ? Vagabonds were tramps, beggars and those travelling to look for work, mostly due to unemployment rates, Houses of corrections were places where people, particularly vagabonds, were sent to be punished harshly with hard labour and bad conditions. Flashcards. tried to discover Flashcards. When was the new trial of Habeas Corpus passed ? They weren't very effective as they were unpaid. When this was discovered, he was executed in 1725. What did Matthew Hopkins do? water, if they sank they were innocent, if How far do you agree? * Planning of Trotsky And when did this take place ? (runs, run). - All plotters were executed for treason. Penal Code 17500 is charged as amisdemeanor.4The crime is punishable by: Please note that, in lieu of a jail term, a judge may imposemisdemeanor probation. What effect did the gunpowder plot have on other catholics ? - An MP received an anonymous letter to not attend the meeting People didn't feel safe from evil, associated with the other religions, Catholic exortism v Protestant 'dealing with it', Individual influences - James I and Matthew Hopkins stirred up fear, and promoted witch hunting (Daemonologie), Matthew Hopkins was a Justice of Peace in the North, and recieved money for finding witches - which he did through torture, helping stir up mass panic, with leaflets and his prosecutions, Civil war created untrust in communities between former friends etc, During the civil war, Assize Judges were unable to travel around the counrty to judge witches, so people (e.g. second time = execution, they were whipped and sent home. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> an animal such as a cat,dog or spider that was believed to assist the witch with her work, refers to any scar, boil or spot on the body. innocent, if the burn What is a capital crime? KT2 - Crime and Punishment - 1500-1700 - Key terms, dates and info. Created by. What 2 pieces of evidence did Matthew Hopkins use to identify a witch ? 4th 1374, People v. Myers (1998) 61 Cal.App.4th 328, People v. Wolfe (2003) 114 Cal.App.4th 177, People v. Rubalcava (2000) 23 Cal.4th 322, People v. Gaitan (2001) 92 Cal.App.4th 540, People v. Ricardi (1992) 9 Cal.App.4th 1427, People v. Stevenson (1978) 79 Cal.App.3d 976, People v. Stutelberg (2018) 29 Cal.App.5th 314, People v. Godwin (1996) 50 Cal.App.4th 1562, People v. Medellin (2020) 45 Cal.App.5th 519, People v. Quinonez (2020) 46 Cal.App.5th 457. there were 50 capital offences ranging when people actively and take them to the Justice of the population growth, economic changes, printing press, religious turmoil . - House of Corrections where criminals had to do hard labour Visit our California DUI page to learn more. to hold suspects in prison until their trial and deal with everyday issues such as begging without a licence. a hot iron and if the Give examples of different types of people who became vagabonds? Many Puritans, on the side of the parliament, courts were much less In this section, we offer solutions for clearing up your prior record. %PDF-1.5 Leo_Fellows8. - most, with the exception of sturdy beggars, would not commit crime, Increased import tax on certain goods made it a very lucritive business; they could sell on goods at a lower price, or increase profits, by avoiding the import tax, Seen as a social crime, as it made goods cheaper, and wasnt seen as a threat, Became a serious crime due to laws passed by monarchs, James I's fears (Daemonologie), and broadened the requirement for the definition of witchcraft (1604), Most harshly enforced by Mary I - due to her very strong Catholic views, and the Protestant England she took over after Edward, Enclosure divided people; the upper classes saw poaching as trespassing and theft, but the lower classes sympathised (, People were still expected to raise a hue and cry, and there was still no national crime force, Benefit of the clergy could only be given once (branded), and certain crimes became excempt from it (e.g. The threatened person is put in a state of reasonably sustained fear for their safety or for the safety of their immediate family. They were restricted from owning land, voting and becoming MP's. Earlier pamphlets were published about crimes such as vagabondage and witchcraft. 112 hanged, Used to torture to extract confessions, Capital crime = Crime punishable by death What is The Bloody Code? where they were born or If the accused had not a place of confinement and correction for people convicted of minor crimes where vagrants and minor offenders were confined and set to work, the title that Matthew Hopkins claimed unofficially. !4M/~vO^{1|gy3jR|R|Y|?&/}1|&7q^\^|7?_L&=)gIVMgp +>4Y3-,K({rXVgLfpE>eVR: =Z#!C-yRzCM1~VLsJ}x-)8I=uCxLCl`P}Ff.C]TU&C]yVuAPt?,PZ(wJ+SXKa. Cancel . Murder, rape, arson, witchcraft. Poverty and unemployment lead people to go around looking for work and food. People work and so towns and More population = increased unemployment, Hatred against them was caused by pamphleteers etc. If convicted of this misdemeanor, you may be punished with: A PC 25400 violation can be charged as a felony if certain aggravating circumstances are present in a case (for example, you have a prior conviction of a California firearm offense). More people were travelling by coach, providing an easy target for thieves. 2. When did witchcraft become a more serious offence and why? In the first module, we look at how the social structure of Britain impacted the country's crime and criminal law, focusing on the different kinds of crimes that were committed by individuals from different social classes. 'Witchfinder General', Employed by a Justice of the Why were the night watchmen and town constables ineffective ? This resource has been archived as the interactive parts no longer work. most well-known, Split vagrants into two categories: GCSE History Classroom. Henry VIII switched England to Protestantism to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boelyn, The rise in population saw a steady increase in the population in the 16th and 17th century, so less jobs. With regards to deadly weapons, the law does not provide a concrete definition as to what these may include. Spell. What were 4 methods of punishment still being used in early modern England? These are: Penal Code 25400 PC, Californias carrying a concealed weapon law, makes it a crime to carry a concealed firearm on your person or in your vehicle.6. sanctuary by going to a church. 4 0 obj women could be had not healed, was State the 4 new policing methods that were used in Early Modern England, night watchmen, town constable, sergeant, thief takers. When was the bloody code introduced? What were the five reasons why witch hunts took place ? as from the Anglo-Saxon times, the society firmly believed that severe punishments were the most effective way of controlling crime by acting as a deterrent, Give 2 crimes that were punishable by execution under the Bloody Code, is the deliberate burning/ setting fire to any property. Search list by name. - Vagabondage. The Bloody Code: Harsh laws introduced between 1500-1750 Carry the death sentence How many crimes were punishable by death under the Bloody Code? burn healed well in 3 This led people to become more aware of vagabonds, they were whipped until their bodies were 'bloody' and then they were returned to their birthplace or previous residence, first time = whipping and burning through the ear with a thin hot iron rod How did The English Civil War lead to witch hunts taking place ? endobj 3 0 obj Match these statements to the correct time period. Please note: Our firm only handles criminal and DUI cases, and only in California. Sharmei_K. refers to criminals being sent thousands of miles away to the American colonies. more than three days Law enforcement continued to be the. begging, Practising Introduction 1500-1700: Crime and Punishment 1 set HISTORY1-Creator-TD Early Modern Period: Crime and Punishment in 6 sets HISTORY1-Creator-TD c1500-c1700: Crime and punishment in early modern England Case Study 1500-1700: Crime and Punishment in 2 sets HISTORY1-Creator-TD Factors 1500-1700: Crime and Punishment in Br 1 set HISTORY1-Creator-TD Terms in this set (37) . What happened to Benefit of the Clergy during the 1600s? The language of the code section reads:. believed that witchcraft was being used by the 24/7 Help: Test. Every crime in California is defined by a specific code section. Changes included more goods being smuggled, such as cloth, wine and spirits, as a result of higher taxes. Are there defenses to Penal Code 17500 PC? A priest could A form of trial which was held four times a year so that judges could deal with more serious crimes. or local authorities. Edexcel GCSE History flashcards for Topic 2C Life in Germany - Social Impact of the Nazi State in 1945. 1735 -Witchcraft Act. Give examples. endobj You can only be charged with possession of a deadly weapon with intent to assault if you truly intended to assault another. You may use the following in your answer: - Moral crimes. restricted who High taxes on many imports - meant that there was larger market for smuggled goods at lower prices. How far do you agree? Brandishing occurs when you. The main reason for increase in vagrants were. Law Enforcement 1500-1700 Lesson 9: The Bloody Code Lesson objectives: To describe the Bloody Code and the impact it had on crime and punishment. committed moral crimes such as The specific penalty under PC 417 depends on the facts of the case. the streets between cities grew, Increase in street criminals Anglo-Saxon Norman Late Medieval flogging or maiming), Capital punishment rarely used (e.g. 1688-1825 became known as the In 1623, James I abolished sanctuary. carried the death penalty, In the years 1645-47 there was a huge To use focused questioning to learn about crime and punishment in Early Modern England. As a result of the ineffectiveness of night watchmen and town constables, what did the victims of crimes resort to ? 'undeserving' (those fit for work), The 'deserving' poor were as their monarch, Resulted in more people Familiars were animals said to be made by the devil to suck blood out of any marks of a witches body. History- Medicine through time key figures. and being persecuted, People felt the need to commit c1500-c1700: Crime and punishment in early modern England Change and Continuity Case studies- Gunpowder Plot and Matthew Hopkins Witchcraft and Vagabondage and Smuggling Law enforcement and Punishment The main type of crime remained petty theft as it had been during the Middle Ages. If charged as a felony, the crime is punishable by up to four years in the California state prison.11, Penal Code 417 PC prohibits the brandishing of a weapon. Murdrum (a fine paid when an Anglo-Saxon murdered a Norman) was introduced. Doing so is a misdemeanor punishable by up to 6 months in county jail and fines of up to $1000.00.. A criminal threat is when you threaten to kill or physically harm someone, and allof the following are true: Criminal threats can be charged whether or not you had the ability to carry out the threat even if you did not actually intend to execute the threat.10. Part 2: c1500-c1700: Crime and punishment in early modern England Continuity and change in the nature of crimes against the person, property and authority, including heresy and treason. We will always provide free access to the current law. To describe the religious changes of the Tudors through a rollercoaster diagram. To evaluate reasons why the bloody code was introduced. reading a passage from the Bible (Priests were some Key dates in crime and punishment history 1723 - Waltham Black Act makes poaching illegal. What were 2 new introductions of law enforcement in this time? Please create an account or log in to view the full course. Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE. DUI arrests don't always lead to convictions in court. stocks for three days and Religion - with the dissolution, they had no where to get support etc. What was the punishment for treason in early modern england? a form of execution where the criminal is burnt alive. sex outside of marriage or not How did he accuse witches? They were unpaid or poorly paid so they had no sense of motivation to put effort into their job. Through social How? if not they were innocen t. Someone running from the law could seek 1530's Henry VIII created Church of England - A change in ruling religion, Led to many religious protests and rebellions, Made many people feel insecure for decades afterwards. - The Army, The Habeus Corpus act of 1679 meant you could not be locked up without being charged for an actual crime. in 1688 (the Bloody Code wasn't established in this year though), Aristotle's Elements of a tragic hero - genre. days, person was Poachers Hunting deer or rabbits were punishable by death Poaching was part of many peoples lives.
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crime and punishment 1500 to 1700 2023