The marital alliances of the royal families forming part of the Maratha confederacy, and of the royal families of Mysore in south India and of Kashmir and Nepal in the north with the royal families of Gujarat and Rajasthan show, among other things, how there was room for flexibility and how the rule of caste endogamy could be violated in an acceptable manner at the highest level. Further, the castes there are unable to take cognizance of each other in terms of hierarchy or of occupation, and it is in this situation that they can be said to exist by virtue of their differences (296) it is the systematic recognition of difference which is most apparent. He does not give importance to this possibility probably because, as he goes on to state, what is sought here is a universal formula, a rule without exceptions (ibid.). Shroff is derived from seraf, a Gujarati word that means banker, cashier, or a money-lender. Chaudhari or Hindu Aniana, Desai, Aanjana Kanbi, Chaudhari Patel, Chaudhari Patel, Chaudhari Patidar (whre the are not S.T. It will readily be agreed that the sociological study of Indian towns and cities has not made as much progress as has the study of Indian villages. Phone +91 79 23253245 2021 Director, Developing Castes Welfare, Government of Gujarat . With rapid socio-economic changes in Gujarat, the practice of untouchability also has changed. The degree of contravention is highest if the couple belong to two different first-order divisions. Co-residence of people, belonging to two or more divisions of a lower order within a higher order was, however, a prominent feature of towns and cities rather than of villages. Desai is a frequently used Gujarati surname composed of the Sanskrit words desa meaning country, and swami meaning master or lord. Firstly, there were divisions whose population was found almost entirely in towns. When the rural population began to be drawn towards the new opportunities, the first to take advantage of them were the rural sections of the rural-cum-urban castes. Bhagat is a term used in the Indian subcontinent to describe religious personalities who have obtain high acclaim in their community for their services and devoutness.It is also one of the clan in Mahar caste with clan totem as King Cobra and also a surname found among Marathas, Bania communities and Punjabi Brahmins. Hypergamy tended to be associated with this hierarchy. These coastal towns were involved in trade among themselves, with other towns on the rest of the Indian sea coast, and with many foreign lands. However, it is well known that there were subtle arguments regarding the status of certain royal families being Rajput. They were involved in agriculture in one way or another. Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat! Then please ask us by writing in the comment box. If you wish to know more about it, delve into this list as we share a list of Gujarati last names with meanings. Salat (excluding Sompura Salat) Salat Ghera, Sipai, patni Jamat or Turk Jamat(all Muslim), , ( ), Thakarda, Thakore, Patanwadia, Dharala, Baraiya, Bariya, Pagi,Palanwadia, , , , , , , , , Vahivancha Charan-Gadhavi of Hariian Vankar and Chamar, Valand Nayi and Barbar (Hindu) Haiam (Hindu and Muslim) Khalipha (Muslim), Vale (Hindu), () ( ) (), (), Vansfoda, Vansfodia oir Vanza, Vanza (Originally belongs to Saurashtra), , ( ), Vamzara, Shinagwala (Hindu) Kangasiwala (Hindu) and Vanzara (Muslim) of Dang district only. Of particular importance seems to be the fact that a section of the urban population was more or less isolatedsome may say, alienatedfrom the rural masses from generation to generation. All associations originated in large towns, are more active in towns than in villages, and are led by prominent members in towns. In most parts of Gujarat it merged into the various second-order divisions of the Koli division and possible also into the widespread tribe of Bhils. They are known by various names such as Ganeshia, Rikhia, and Risha. Copyright 10. A recent tendency in sociological literature is to consider jatis as castes. It is an occupational surname that referred to someone who worked as a supervisor or a proprietor. If the marriage took place within the Vania fold but outside the tad or ekda, as the case may be, the punishment varied according to the social distance between the tads or ekdas of the bride and the groom. 7. By the beginning of British rule in the early 19th century, a considerable number of these chieftains had succeeded in establishing petty chiefdoms, each composed of one, and occasionally more than one, village, in all parts of Gujarat. Surname (or family name) Bhagat has Indian origin, most common language spoken by them are Punjabi, Gujarati, they are originated and/or found widely in Punjab, Gujarat states Similar sounding surnames: Bhagat Origin, State of Origin, Mother tongue, Religion of surname 'Bhagat' Related . Modi has an occupational origin, and refers to those who came from the community of Bania, which originally consisted of merchants, traders, money-lenders, and shopkeepers. Since most of the class is into some business, works like goldsmith, blacksmith, jewellers, money lenders, business tycoons, most of them are from the same community. The Meghwal women in Rajasthan are renowned for their exuberantly detailed costumes and jewellery. Significantly, a large number of social thinkers and workers who propagated against the hierarchical features of caste came from urban centres. There were about three hundred divisions of this order in the region as a whole. ), , 77. Pages in category "Social groups of Gujarat" The following 157 pages are in this category, out of 157 total. Another major factor in the growth of urban centres in Gujarat was political. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"JoC_BWsapbxkWt5DiwKm.yUVJ1sUs5Lnx3NXnOdJgrU-3600-0"}; Name of Caste Communities State Wise list no; 1: Agri: 1: 2: Ahir, Ayar-Boricha: 2: 3: Bafan (Muslim) 3: 4: Barot, Vahivancha . Koli Idaria Koli, Kharwa-koli, Rathwa-Koli, Baria-Koli, Dhebari-Koli. More of them were located in the plains, than in the bordering highlands. The Kanbis (now called Patidars) had five divisions: Leva, Kadya, Anjana, Bhakta, and Matia. Kolis were the largest first-order division in Gujarat. & Date 1. In other words, it did not involve a big jump from one place to another distant place. Top 100 Gujarati Surnames or Last Names in India, List of Gujarati Surnames or Last Names With Meanings, Top 100 Punjabi Surnames or Last Names With Meanings, 150 Most Popular Indian Last Names For Your Baby. Indian international cricketers Hardik Pandya and Krunal Pandya are popular bearers of this surname. We will reply as soon as possible. Bawa, Atit Bawa Goswami Vairagi Bawa Gosai Marriages were usually confined to neighbouring villages, so that marriage links were spread in a continuous manner from one end of the region to another. I hope to show that the integration of the study of caste in urban areas with that of rural areas is essential to a comprehensive understanding of caste and its implications for Indian society and culture. Kotecha is likely an occupational surname referring to a business community whose ancestors were merchants. The earliest caste associations were formed in Bombay in the middle of the 19th century among migrants belonging to the primarily urban and upper castes from Gujarat, such as Vanias, Bhatias and Lohanas (see Dobbin 1972: 74-76, 121-30, 227f, 259-61). What are you currently focused on? We have analyzed the internal structure of two first-order divisions, Rajput and Anavil, which did not have any second-order divisions, and of several second-order divisionsTalapada and Pardeshi Koli, Khedawal Brahman, and Leva Kanbiwhich did not have any third-order divisions. Click here for additional information. In Punjab, especially in the cities like Amritsar, Jalandhar and Ludhiana a good number of them is engaged as workers in factories producing sports, hosiery, surgical and metal goods. What I am trying to point out, however, is that greater emphasis on division (Pococks difference, Dumonts separation. So far we have considered first-order divisions with large and widely spread populations. In many villages in Gujarat, particularly in larger villages, one or two first-order divisions would be represented by more than one second-order division. The method is to remove first the barriers of the divisions of the lowest order and then gradually those of one higher order after another. Their traditional occupations were dyeing and calico printing. We sort the list in alphabetical order for convenience. Kayatias and Tapodhans were considered such low Brahmans that even some non-Brahman castes did not accept food and water from them. Marriages are arranged through negotiation between the families before puberty. Gujrati surnames are mostly the ones who are from a business class, a small scale or industrial one. Breastfeeding Classes During Pregnancy Top Benefits and Importance, Cycling During Pregnancy Benefits, Risks, and Precautions, 6 Different Types of Delivery Methods You Must Know. This account of the divisions is based on various sources, but mainly on Bombay Gazetteer (1901). There was considerable elaboration in urban areas of what Ghurye long ago called the community aspect of caste (1932: 179) and frequently, this led to juxtaposition rather than hierarchy between caste divisions of the same order. Shah derives its name from sahukaar, a Gujarati word that means merchant, banker, or money-lender. [15], There exists cultural differences among these sub-caste groups of Meghwal. I describe here three prominent units of the latter type, namely, Anavil, Leva Kanbi, and Khedawal Brahman. For example, a good number of villages in central Gujarat used to have both Talapada and Pardeshi Kolis and Brahmans belonging to two or three of their many second-order divisions. The surname refers to those who came from a family of Purohits.. For example, among the Khadayata Vanias there are all-Khadayata associations as well as associations for the various ekdas and sometimes even for their tads (see Shah, Ragini 1978). The surname is a toponymic one, and refers to those who originally belonged to the village of Kotadiya, in Jamnagar district of Gujarat. MBA in Marketing,P.G. While almost all the social structures and institutions which existed in villagesreligion, caste, family, and so onalso existed in towns, we should not assume that their character was the same. For describing the divisions of the remaining two orders, it would be necessary to go on adding the prefix sub but this would make the description extremely clumsy, if not meaningless. Some ekdas did come into existence in almost the same way as did the tads, that is to say, by a process of fission of one ekda into two or more ekdas. Sometimes a division could even be a self-contained endogamous unit. [14] The Balali and Bunkar communities have also begun using the Meghwal name. Frequently, the urban population of such a division performed more specialized functions than did the rural one. Certain sub-castes and people belonging to an area have the same surname. The Khadayatas were divided into about 30 ekdas. Gandhi refers to someone who is a seller of fragrances, that is a perfume seller. The degree of contravention involved in an inter-divisional marriage, however, depends upon the order (i.e., first-order, second-order, etc.) The tad thus represented the fourth and last order of caste divisions. Read Also:150 Most Popular Indian Last Names For Your Baby In fact it has caused . There was also another kind of feast, called bhandaro, where Brahmans belonging to a lesser number of divisions (say, all the few in a small town) were invited. The highest stratum among the Leva Kanbi tried to maintain its position by practising polygyny and female infanticide, among other customs and institutions, as did the highest stratum among the Rajput. There is a patterned widening of the connubial field along an area chalked out historically. James Campbell (1901: xii), the compiler of gazetteers for the former Bombay presidency comprising several linguistic regions, wrote about Gujarat: In no part of India are the subdivisions so minute, one of them, the Rayakval Vanias, numbering only 47 persons in 1891. [1] Their traditional occupation was agricultural farming, cattle-herding and weaving. Bafan (Muslim) -do- 4. The exact meaning of the surname is unknown. Thus, finding any boundary between Rajputs and Kolis in the horizontal context was impossible, although there were sharp boundaries between the two in the narrow local context. The Meghwal women artisans of Thar desert in Sindh and Balochistan, and in Gujarat are considered master of the traditional embroidery and Ralli making. Then there were a number of urban divisions of specialized artisans, craftsmen and servants, as for example, Sonis (gold and silver smiths), Kansaras (copper and bronze smiths), Salvis (silk weavers), Bhavsars (weavers, dyers and printers), Malis (florists), Kharadis (skilled carpenters and wood carvers), Kachhias (vegetable sellers), Darjis (tailors), Dabgars (makers of drums, saddles and such other goods involving leather), Ghanchis (oil pressers), Golas ferain and spice pounders and domestic servants), Dhobis (washermen), Chudgars (banglemakers), and Tambolis (sellers of area nuts, betel leaves, etc.). [2], The Meghwal community is known by various names, depending on location. These linkages played an important role in the traditional social structure as well as in the processes of change in modern India. They were given to the bride as a "bride wealth" dowry by her soon-to-be husband's mother. This infographic documents some well-known Gujarati last names derived from the Sanskrit language and their meanings. There are 350+ Castes living right now in Gujarat State, The Government has divided all castes in 5 to 6 Category which is General, SEBC, OBC, SC, ST, NT & DT. The pattern of inter-divisional marriages shows how the idea of free marriage, which guides most of the inter-caste marriages, is restricted, modified, and graded according to the traditional structure of caste divisions. For more Caste related information Regular visit our blog./websiteAllCasteList.com. The sub- the manner in which the ideas of free marriages and castles society are used by both the old and the young in modern India and how a number of new customs and institutions have evolved to cope with these new ideas is a fascinating subject of study. In spite of them, however, sociologists and social anthropologists have not filled adequately the void left by the disappearance of caste from the census and the gazetteer. Agri 12011/68/93-BCC(C) dt 10.09.1993 2. But during the 18th century, when the Mughal Empire was disintegrating, a large number of small kingdoms came into existence, and each had a small capital town of its own. [25], Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Kma of Rajasthan Priests of a Forgotten Tradition", "The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary", "Ancient Lac Dyeing Practices of Kachchh and its revival by the Vankar Shyamji Valiji of Bujodi", "Innovations, Entrepreneurship and Development", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghwal&oldid=1152243292, This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 01:42. Rajput hypergamy seems to have provided an important mechanism for integration of the lower caste and tribal population into the Hindu society over the entire length and breadth of northern, western, central and even eastern India. Their origin myth enshrined in their caste purana also showed them to be originally non-Brahman. SaveIllustration: Momjunction Design Team. While some hypergamous and hierarchical tendency, however weak, did exist between tads within an ekda and between ekdas within a second- order division, it was practically non-existent among the forty or so second-order divisions, such as Modh, Porwad, Shrimali, Khadayata and so on, among the Vanias. (Frequently, such models are constructed a priori rather than based on historical evidence, but that is another story). 2011 - 2023 MomJunction Private Limited. 3rd Floor, Dr. Jivraj Mehta Bhavan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat (India). 1 0 obj
For example, just as there were Modh Vanias, there were Modh Brahmans, and similarly Khadayata Vanias and Khadayata Brahmans, Shrimali Vanias and Shrimali Brahmans, Nagar Vanias and Nagar Brahmans, and so on. This is also the reason to find them in all parts of the world. Today, there are two kinds of Koli areas. Caste associations in Gujarat were formed mainly among upper castes to provide welfare (including recreation), to promote modern education, and to bring about reforms in caste customs. After marriage, the wife moves to the husband's house, except for the period of childbirth. For Sindhi folk art, see, http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2806/1/41944_1961_ETH.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhagat&oldid=1146477012, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 25 March 2023, at 03:36. If the first-order divisions are called jatis and castes, the second-order divisions would be called sub-jatis or sub-castes. to which the divisions of the marrying couple belong. There was another kind of ambiguity about the Brahman status or two other divisionsKayatia and Tapodhan. Purnesh Modi, the complainant in the Rahul Gandhi case, belongs to the Modhvanik community of Surat, as does Hasmukh Lalwala . <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 9 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
We need to formulate some idea of the nature of the Indian urban society and its relation with the rural society in the past, at least at the beginning of the 19th century. Ambani has a religious origin, given to individuals belonging to Modh Bania Religion. Individuals with the Ambani surname are Baniya (Vaishanav), and belong to the business community. How many sub-divisions existed in the various divisions of the various orders is a matter of empirical investigation. It is important to note that the more literate and learned Brahmans lived in towns, more particularly in capital and pilgrim towns, which were, indeed, the centres of higher Hindu culture and civilization. The members of a kings caste were thus found not only in his own kingdom but in other kingdoms as well. Until recently, sociologists and anthropologists described Indian society as though it had no urban component in the past. Rawal (also spelled Raval) or Raol originally is a regional variation of the Hindi princely ruler title Raja/Radjah (literally "king" [1]) used in some princely states in Rajputana and Western India (notably Gujarat), and is now also used as a caste designation or surname by several communities in Southern Asia. For example, among almost every Vania division there was a dual division into Visa and Dasa: Visa Nagar and Dasa Nagar, Visa Lad and Dasa Lad, Visa Modh and Dasa Modh, Visa Khadayata and Dasa Khadayata, and so on. Plagiarism Prevention 4. The exact meaning of the Ganjawala surname is unknown. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Himachal Pradesh Caste List 2023 GEN OBC SC & ST, Nagaland Caste List 2023 PDF Download NT ST & OBC, Tamil Nadu Caste List PDF Download 2023 ST SC BC OBC & GEN, Chhattisgarh Caste List 2023 PDF Download | GEN OBC ST & SC [English & Hindi]. A new view of the whole, comprising the rural and the urban and the various orders of caste divisions, should be evolved. Since Rajput as a caste occurred all over northern, central and western India (literally, it means rulers son, ruling son), the discussion of Rajputs in Gujarat will inevitably draw us into their relationship with Rajputs in other regions.
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